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VKS-V

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VKS-O

Status: Study 1988. Payload: 7,500 kg (16,500 lb). Gross mass: 550,000 kg (1,210,000 lb). Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

For the 550 metric ton version, dry mass of the launch vehicle would have to be 67,700 kg, with payload 7,500 kg / 1.4 percent of the growth. Payload could therefore be zero depending on the uncertainties in weight growth of the design during development. As in other vertically-launched SSTO designs, this was considered too great a risk, and the air-launched MAKS was selected instead. Velocity loss during ascent estimated at 1619 m/s compared to 1168 m/s for MAKS (payload 3.1% of gross).