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Zefiro 23

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Status: In production. Thrust: 1,200.00 kN (269,700 lbf). Gross mass: 26,900 kg (59,300 lb). Unfuelled mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Specific impulse: 289 s. Burn time: 72 s. Height: 3.85 m (12.63 ft). Diameter: 1.90 m (6.20 ft).

The Zefiro 23 was derived from a 16-metric ton solid rocket motor development (Zefiro 16) initiated by Fiat-Avio, now Avio S.p.A., with company funding and contracted by the Italian space agency ASI. The Zefiro-16 motor had already completed three successful firing tests by the end of 2006. The Zefiro-23 motor features included: a 1.9 m diameter carbon epoxy filament wound case; a low density EPDM insulation; HTPB 1912 composite propellant; a nozzle based on a flexible joint technology; a consumable igniter; and an electromechanical thrust vector control system.

Chamber Pressure: 106.00 bar. Area Ratio: 25. Propellant Formulation: HTPB 1912.