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Tsiklon-2A

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Tsyklon LV Credit: © Mark Wade

AKA: 11K67;F-1;Scarp;SL-11;Tsiklon. Status: Retired 1969. First Launch: 1967-10-27. Last Launch: 1969-01-25. Number: 8 . Payload: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Thrust: 2,366.00 kN (531,897 lbf). Gross mass: 182,000 kg (401,000 lb). Height: 39.70 m (130.20 ft). Diameter: 3.00 m (9.80 ft). Apogee: 185 km (114 mi).

On 16 March and 1 August 1961 the Central Committee and Politburo approved development of Chelomei's UR-200 (8K81) universal rocket. The UR-200 was to orbit Chelomei's IS (Istrebitel Sputnik) ASAT; the US (Upravlenniye Sputnik) nuclear-powered naval intelligence satellite; and the Raketoplan combat re-entry vehicle. Trial flights of the missile began on 4 November 1963.

On October 13, 1964, Khrushchev was ousted from power. The new leadership, under Brezhnev, was adverse to all projects Khrushchev had supported. These included those of Chelomei. An expert commission under M V Keldysh was directed to examine all of Chelomei's projects and make recommendations as to which should be cancelled. Keldysh found that Yangel's R-36 rocket was superior to Chelomei's UR-200 and that the Raketoplan was technically overly ambitious. The UR-200 and Raketoplan were accordingly cancelled, while the IS and US satellites were redesigned for launch by the R-36.

A government decree of 24 August 1965 formalized the decision and the Yangel bureau began design work in 1966. Required modifications to the R-36 were minimal; the IS and US Raketoplan-derived payloads had their own engines for insertion into final orbit. The Tsyklon 11K67 first test version was an adaptation of the 8K67 (SS-9 Mod 1) two stage ICBM and flew only briefly (1967 to 1968). It was quickly replaced by the definitive 11K69 Tsyklon 2 launch vehicle. The military project manager was L A Dolnikov. The two-stage vehicle stages were designated 8S671 and 8S672.

LEO Payload: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb) to a 185 km orbit at 52.00 degrees.

• Cosmos 185 - . Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: PKO. Class: Military. Type: Anti-satellite system. Spacecraft Bus: Kosmoplan. Spacecraft: IS-A. Decay Date: 1969-01-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 3013 . COSPAR: 1967-104A. Apogee: 887 km (551 mi). Perigee: 518 km (321 mi). Inclination: 64.20 deg. Period: 98.80 min. First test of Istrebitel Sputnik. Only tested engine; no target launched. First launch of Tsykon launch vehicle..

• Cosmos 198 - . Payload: US-A no. 1. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: RORSAT. Class: Surveillance. Type: Naval Radarsat. Spacecraft Bus: Kosmoplan. Spacecraft: US-A. Decay Date: 1968-01-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 3082 . COSPAR: 1967-127B. Apogee: 927 km (576 mi). Perigee: 907 km (563 mi). Inclination: 65.10 deg. Period: 103.40 min. Prototype RORSAT hardware using chemical batteries in place of BES-5 nuclear reactor. First satellite to be boosted to 900 km storage orbit..

• Cosmos 209 - . Payload: US-A no. 2. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: RORSAT. Class: Surveillance. Type: Naval Radarsat. Spacecraft Bus: Kosmoplan. Spacecraft: US-A. Decay Date: 1968-04-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 3162 . COSPAR: 1968-023C. Apogee: 927 km (576 mi). Perigee: 876 km (544 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 103.00 min. RORSAT hardware, representative of production hardware, but using chemical batteries in place of BES-5 nuclear reactor..

• Cosmos 217 - . Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: PKO. Class: Military. Type: Anti-satellite system target. Spacecraft Bus: Kosmoplan. Spacecraft: IS-P. Decay Date: 1968-04-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 3216 . COSPAR: 1968-036A. Apogee: 179 km (111 mi). Perigee: 140 km (80 mi). Inclination: 62.30 deg. Period: 87.70 min. Unsuccessful launch of ASAT target. Satellite did not separate from last rocket stage. Planned launch of interceptor cancelled..

• Cosmos 248 - . Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: PKO. Class: Military. Type: Anti-satellite system target. Spacecraft Bus: Kosmoplan. Spacecraft: IS-P. Decay Date: 1980-02-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 3503 . COSPAR: 1968-090A. Apogee: 543 km (337 mi). Perigee: 475 km (295 mi). Inclination: 62.30 deg. Period: 94.80 min. ASAT target. Intercepted repeatedly by Cosmos 249 on 20 October; destroyed by Cosmos 252 on 1 November..

• Cosmos 249 - . Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: PKO. Class: Military. Type: Anti-satellite system. Spacecraft Bus: Kosmoplan. Spacecraft: IS-A. Decay Date: 1968-10-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 3504 . COSPAR: 1968-091A. Apogee: 2,075 km (1,289 mi). Perigee: 498 km (309 mi). Inclination: 62.30 deg. Period: 111.30 min.

  ASAT interceptor. Intercepted Cosmos 248 target on second orbit. Repeatedly approached Cosmos 248, verifying primary and reserve homing and guidance systems. Destroyed itself in test of on-board destruct system. Counted as a failure by Western observers because that target was not destroyed; but this was not an objective of the test. Left 109 fragments in orbit, of which 54 were still in orbit in 1996.

• Cosmos 252 - . Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: PKO. Class: Military. Type: Anti-satellite system. Spacecraft Bus: Kosmoplan. Spacecraft: IS-A. Decay Date: 1968-11-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 3530 . COSPAR: 1968-097A. Apogee: 2,104 km (1,307 mi). Perigee: 535 km (332 mi). Inclination: 62.30 deg. Period: 112.00 min. ASAT interceptor. Intercepted and destroyed Cosmos 248 target satellite within one day of launch. Left 139 fragments in orbit, the largest of any ASAT test..

• US-A Mass Model - . Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Program: RORSAT. Class: Surveillance. Type: Naval Radarsat. Spacecraft Bus: Kosmoplan. Spacecraft: US-A. Decay Date: 1969-01-24 . COSPAR: F690125A. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). RORSAT hardware, representative of production hardware, but using chemical batteries in place of BES-5 nuclear reactor..