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Yuzhnoye

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AKA: KB Yuzhnoye (1965);NPO Yuzhnoye;OKB-586. Location: Dnepropetrovsk.

Facing continued opposition from Korolev on development of storable propellant rockets, missile tsar Ustinov decided to create a new design bureau at Dnepropetrovsk, and to put Yangel in charge of it. The enabling decrees were issued in April-July 1954. Yangel moved to the Ukraine and began development of the R-12 IRBM in earnest. The R-12 was the first Soviet ballistic missile to be militarily useful and the first to be put into mass production.

The success of the R-12 and the willingness of Yangel to listen to the needs of the military led to follow-on mass production orders for the R-14 IRBM and the R-16 and R-36 ICBM's. The R-16 finally provided the Soviet Union with a missile to counter the Atlas and Titan rockets being deployed in the hundreds by the United States.

By this time the space age was under way and despite the press of missile work, Yangel managed to carve a niche for himself by being assigned responsibility for development of the lightweight Cosmos 63S1 launcher (using the R-12 as a first stage) and its accompanying DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) satellites. These began flying just fourteen months after go-ahead. 185 were launched and performed a range of scientific, technological, and military missions. Reshetnev used the R-14 IRBM for the Kosmos-3 launcher, which remained in use into the next millennium.

Yuzhnoye's attempts to get a bigger role in the space program were less successful. The proposed R-56 space launcher was not approved for development. In 1965 OKB-586 was renamed the Yuzhnoye ("Southern") Design Bureau.

Like Korolev, Yangel was pushed into the rocket engine development business when Glushko refused to provide the small steering engines needed to guide missiles powered by Glushko's fixed main engines. This developed into a new sideline for the bureau, small thrusters for satellite and maneuvering warhead bus applications. As a result Yangel agreed to develop the critical rocket stage of the LK lunar lander that would have landed a cosmonaut on the moon. Yangel died in 1971 soon after completion of three flawless unmanned LK flights, content that he had done his part for the program. His deputy, Utkin, succeeded him.

The organization continued to be the sole supplier of heavy ICBM's to the Soviet Union. They were tasked with developing the new-generation booster stages for the Zenit and Energia launch vehicles in 1976. They developed new medium-class satellite buses for second and third generation Soviet satellites. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Yuzhnoye factory wound up in the independent country of the Ukraine. Utkin returned to Russia and was replaced by Konyukhov. The Zenit went on to successful international commercial use by the Sea Launch consortium, providing the major source of foreign revenue for the country. The manager of the Yuzhnoye factory that built the missiles, Leonid Kuchma, later became the President of the Ukraine.

• Intercosmos 15 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-T-IK. Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1976-07-26 . Decay Date: 1979-11-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 8903 . COSPAR: 1976-056A. Apogee: 520 km (320 mi). Perigee: 481 km (298 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 94.60 min. Testing of new systems and components of satellite under space flight conditions. .

• Cosmos 900 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-R-O Oval. Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Decay Date: 1979-10-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 9898 . COSPAR: 1977-023A. Apogee: 522 km (324 mi). Perigee: 457 km (283 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 94.40 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .

• Intercosmos 17 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-R-E-IK. Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1979-01-16 . Decay Date: 1979-11-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 10376 . COSPAR: 1977-096A. Apogee: 514 km (319 mi). Perigee: 466 km (289 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 94.40 min. Investigation of energetic charged and neutral particles and micrometeorite fluxes in circumterrestrial space. .

• Intercosmos 18 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-M-IK. Mass: 1,050 kg (2,310 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1981-03-18 . Decay Date: 1981-03-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 11082 . COSPAR: 1978-099A. Apogee: 757 km (470 mi). Perigee: 403 km (250 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 96.30 min.

  Conduct of complex investigations on the interaction between the magnetosphere and ionosphere of the earth. Launched under the Intercosmos programme by the USSR in cooperation with the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the H ungarian People's Republic, the Polish People's Republic and the Socialist Republic of Romania. On 14 Nov 1978, Magion, a small Czechoslovak scientific satellite, separated from object 1296.

• Intercosmos 19 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-I-IK. Mass: 1,015 kg (2,237 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1982-04-27 . Decay Date: 2002-09-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 11285 . COSPAR: 1979-020A. Apogee: 711 km (441 mi). Perigee: 452 km (280 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 96.30 min.

  Comprehensive investigations of the structure of the earth's ionosphere, the characteristics of wave processes and the propagation of radio waves in the ionospheric plasma. Launched under the Intercosmos programme by the USSR in cooperation with the Peopl e's Republic of Bulgaria, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic and the Polish People's Republic. Additional Details: here....

• Intercosmos 20 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-R-P-IK. Mass: 1,100 kg (2,400 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1980-12-11 . Decay Date: 1981-03-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 11609 . COSPAR: 1979-096A. Apogee: 519 km (322 mi). Perigee: 462 km (287 mi). Inclination: 74.10 deg. Period: 94.40 min.

  Testing of methods for comprehensive study of the oceans and the surface of the earth, and testing of automatic gathering of scientific information from experimental sea and land stations. Launched under the INTERCOSMOS programme by the Soviet Union toget her with the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic and the Socialist Republic of Romania.

• Intercosmos 21 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-R-P-IK. Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1982-06-02 . Decay Date: 1982-07-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 12162 . COSPAR: 1981-011A. Apogee: 506 km (314 mi). Perigee: 469 km (291 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 94.40 min.

  Oceanographic, terrestrial studies. Development of methods for comprehensive study of the oceans and the surface of the earth, and testing of the experimental system of automatic gathering of scientific information from sea and land stations. Launched under the INTERCOSMOS programme by the USSR together with the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic and the Socialist Republic of Romania.

• Oreol 3 - . Payload: AUOS-Z M-A-IK s/n 401. Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Nation: France. Agency: RVSN. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. USAF Sat Cat: 12848 . COSPAR: 1981-094A. Apogee: 1,672 km (1,038 mi). Perigee: 394 km (244 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 105.80 min.

  Carried Soviet/French magnetosphere and ionosphere experiments. Investigation of physical processes in the earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere, and study of the nature of polar aurorae. Carried scientific equipment developed by Soviet and French specialists under the joint Soviet-French project 'Arkad-3'.

• Cosmos 1809 - . Payload: AUOS-Z Ionozond-E s/n 501. Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. USAF Sat Cat: 17241 . COSPAR: 1986-101A. Apogee: 961 km (597 mi). Perigee: 941 km (584 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 104.10 min. Development of research apparatus and methods of remote sensing and monitoring of the Earth's ionosphere, and also study of the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere. .

• Intercosmos 24 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-AV-IK s/n 201. Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1995-10-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 20261 . COSPAR: 1989-080A. Apogee: 2,414 km (1,499 mi). Perigee: 499 km (310 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 115.00 min.

  US participation; particles and fields experiments; deployed Magion 2. Comprehensive study of the processes of propagation of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the earth's magnetosphere and their interaction with charged particles of the radiation belts, in cooperation with Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democrati c Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania (the international scientific project entitled 'Aktivny'). Carrying the Czechoslovak Magion-2 satellite.

• Intercosmos 25 - . Payload: AUOS-Z APEKS-IK s/n 301. Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. USAF Sat Cat: 21819 . COSPAR: 1991-086A. Apogee: 2,969 km (1,844 mi). Perigee: 436 km (270 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 120.50 min.

  Solar activity monitoring; hosted experiments from Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary. Comprehensive study of the effects of artificial impact of modulated electron flows and plasma beams on the ionosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth (forming part of the Apex international scientific project, conducted jointly with Bulgaria, Czechoslovak ia, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania.) Launched with the Czechoslovak satellite Magion-3, separated from the space object Intercosmos-25 on 28 Dec 1991, in accordance with the scientific programme of the Apex project.

• Intercosmos 26 - . Payload: AUOS-SM-KI-IK. Mass: 2,160 kg (4,760 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Decay Date: 2001-03-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 23019 . COSPAR: 1994-014A. Apogee: 541 km (336 mi). Perigee: 501 km (311 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 94.70 min.

  Solar and space physics. Conduct of comprehensive investigations of the sun under the Koronas-I international project developed by Russian and Ukranian experimts in cooperation with specialists from Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, France, and the United Kingdom.

• Cosmos 2360 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 22. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 25406 . COSPAR: 1998-045A. Apogee: 855 km (531 mi). Perigee: 847 km (526 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 102.00 min.

• Okean-O - . Payload: Okean-O no. 1. Mass: 4,360 kg (9,610 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Okean. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: Okean-O. USAF Sat Cat: 25860 . COSPAR: 1999-039A. Apogee: 649 km (403 mi). Perigee: 648 km (402 mi). Inclination: 97.90 deg. Period: 97.70 min.

  First of a new generation of larger Okean oceanographic satellites, carried a side-looking radar (RSL-BO), and a set of visible and infrared scanners and radiometers. It is built by the Ukrainian Yuzhnoye company and is a joint project of the Russian Aviation/Space Agency (RAKA) and the Ukrainian National Space Agency (NKAU).

• Cosmos 2369 - . Mass: 3,200 kg (7,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 26069 . COSPAR: 2000-006A. Apogee: 860 km (534 mi). Perigee: 849 km (528 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 101.95 min. ELINT satellite..

• Koronas-F - . Payload: AUOS-SM-KF. Mass: 2,260 kg (4,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Astronomy. Type: Solar satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Decay Date: 2005-12-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 26873 . COSPAR: 2001-032A. Apogee: 529 km (328 mi). Perigee: 486 km (301 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg.

  Launch delayed from July 25. Koronas-F was a Russian solar observatory that pointed toward Sun within 10 arc-minutes to conduct a variety of observations. In broad categories, it carried X-ray monitors to locate sources within 1 arc-sec, radio receivers to measure flux and polarization, and particle counters. Additional Details: here....

• Cosmos 2406 - . Mass: 3,200 kg (7,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: VKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 28352 . COSPAR: 2004-021A. Apogee: 866 km (538 mi). Perigee: 846 km (525 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 102.10 min. Delayed from February 17 and 18; March 17 and 31; April 6, 25 and 26..

• Sich-1M - . Payload: Okean O1-N9. Mass: 2,263 kg (4,989 lb). Nation: Ukraine. Agency: NKAU. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Okean. Class: Earth. Type: Civilian Radarsat. Spacecraft: Okean-O1. Decay Date: 2006-04-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 28505 . COSPAR: 2004-052A. Apogee: 650 km (400 mi). Perigee: 280 km (170 mi). Inclination: 82.56 deg. Ukranian-built remote sensing satellite. Originally tagged by USAF SpaceCom as Cosmos 2412. Third stage apogee kick burn was too short, raising the perigee of the orbit from 78 km to 280 km, rather than the 650 km planned..

• Mikron - . Payload: MK-1TS. Mass: 66 kg (145 lb). Nation: Ukraine. Agency: NKAU. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: MS-1. Decay Date: 2005-09-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 28507 . COSPAR: 2004-052C. Apogee: 650 km (400 mi). Perigee: 280 km (170 mi). Inclination: 82.56 deg.

  The Mikron microsatellite was equipped with a small visible range video camera. The information from the satellite was to be used to provide remote sensing of topography and meteorology. However the main purpose of the experimental satellite was to test the MS-1 microsatellite bus created under the Ukrainian National Space Program. The satellites spectral range was from 0.45 to 0.90 mm; swath width was 253-391 km; resolution 124-191 m.

• MisrSat 1 - . Payload: Egyptsat 1 / MS-1TK. Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Nation: Egypt. Agency: NARSSS. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military Radarsat. Spacecraft: MS-1. USAF Sat Cat: 31117 . COSPAR: 2007-012A. Apogee: 667 km (414 mi). Perigee: 657 km (408 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 98.00 min. MisrSat/Egyptsat carried an imaging payload for Egypt's National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences..

• Cosmos 2428 - . Mass: 3,200 kg (7,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: VKS. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 31792 . COSPAR: 2007-029A. Apogee: 857 km (532 mi). Perigee: 846 km (525 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 102.00 min. Signals intelligence satellite. First launch in three years, and first with the improved version of the Zenit-2 launch vehicle using components developed for the Zenit-3SL..

• Koronas-Foton - . Payload: AUOS-SM-KF. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Astronomy. Type: Solar satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. USAF Sat Cat: 33504 . COSPAR: 2009-003A. Apogee: 561 km (348 mi). Perigee: 539 km (334 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 95.70 min.

  Carried ten instruments to study in the sun throughout the electromagnetic spectrum, primarily Russian: Natalya-2M spectrometer; RT-2 gamma-telescope (India); Pingvin-M polarimeter; Konus-RF x-ray and gamma spectrometer; BRM x-ray detector; FOKA UV-detector; TESIS telescope/spectrometer with SphinX soft X-ray spectrophotometer (Poland); Electron-M-Peska charged particles analyser; STEP-F Electron and proton detector(Ukraine); SM-8M magnetometer. Follow-up to 2001 Koronas-F launch.